WFS Filter Encoding ¶

Author:: Jeff McKenna
Contact:: jmckenna at gatewaygeomatics.com
Author:: Yewondwossen Assefa
Last Updated:: 2024-06-27

Introduction ¶

This document describes the procedures for taking advantage of the Filter Encoding (FE) support in WFS GetFeature requests, which was added to MapServer in version 4.2.

This document assumes that you are already familiar with the following aspects of MapServer:

MapServer application development and setting up .map files.
Familiarity with the WFS specification would be an asset. Links to the MapServer WFS documents are included in the next section.

As of MapServer 7.0, the OGC Filter Encoding 2.0 specification is also used to evaluate Filters of WFS 2.0 GetFeature requests.

Currently Supported Features ¶

The following table lists the currently supported features for FE.

Table 1. Currently Supported Features

Feature Set	Feature
Spatial Capabilities
	Equals
	Disjoint
	Touches
	Within
	Overlaps
	Crosses
	Intersects
	Contains
	DWithin
	BBOX
Scalar Capabilities

Logical Operators
	And
	Or
	Not
Comparison Operators
	PropertyIsEqualTo (=)
	PropertyIsNotEqualTo (<>)
	PropertyIsLessThan (<)
	PropertyIsGreaterThan (>)
	PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo (<=)
	PropertyIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo (>=)
	PropertyIsLike
	PropertyIsBetween (range)

Units of measure¶

The following units of measure are supported:

m or meters	meters
km or kilometers	kilometers
NM	nauticalmiles
mi or miles	miles
in or inches	inches
ft or feet	feet
deg or dd	degree
px	pixels

MapServer already has the capability to receive and parse Get requests and URL-encoded Post requests. The ability for MapServer to be able to receive Post requests with XML-encoded information sent in the body of the request has been added. Also, the ability to generate XML-encoded Post requests for WFS layers has been added.

Both Get and Post request are now supported for all WFS requests:

GetCapabilities
GetFeatures
DescribeFeatureType

Supporting these WFS requests in Post was implemented to keep consistency between all supported WFS requests.

When sending requests, the default request method used is Post. To change this behavior, we have introduced a layer level meta data, wfs_request_method, which can be set to “GET”.

Use of Filter Encoding in MapServer ¶

This section describes how to use FE on both the server and client sides.

Server Side¶

To be able to use Filter Encoding, you need to create a valid WFS server using MapServer. Please refer to the WFS Server HOWTO for specifics.

There is nothing special that should be added to a WFS server for Filter Encoding, but you should note that, when requesting the capabilities of your WFS server, the document returned should contain the supported filters. Here is part of a Capabilities document (note the “Filter_Capabilities” section):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<WFS_Capabilities version="1.0.0" updateSequence="0"
  xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/wfs" xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wfs
  http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.0.0/WFS-capabilities.xsd">

<Service>
  <Name>MapServer WFS</Name>
  <Title>WMS Demo Server for MapServer</Title>
  <Abstract>This demonstration server showcases MapServer (www.mapserver.org)
            and its OGC support</Abstract>
  <OnlineResource>https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?</OnlineResource>
</Service>

<Capability>
  <Request>
    <GetCapabilities>
      <DCPType>
        <HTTP>
          <Get onlineResource="https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?"/>
        </HTTP>
      </DCPType>
      <DCPType>
        <HTTP>
          <Post onlineResource="https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?"/>
        </HTTP>
      </DCPType>
    </GetCapabilities>
    ...
  </Request>
</Capability>
...
<ogc:Filter_Capabilities>
  <ogc:Spatial_Capabilities>
    <ogc:Spatial_Operators>
      <ogc:Equals/>
      <ogc:Disjoint/>
      <ogc:Touches/>
      <ogc:Within/>
      <ogc:Overlaps/>
      <ogc:Crosses/>
      <ogc:Intersects/>
      <ogc:Contains/>
      <ogc:DWithin/>
      <ogc:BBOX/>
    </ogc:Spatial_Operators>
  </ogc:Spatial_Capabilities>
  <ogc:Scalar_Capabilities>
    <ogc:Logical_Operators/>
    <ogc:Comparison_Operators>
      <ogc:Simple_Comparisons/>
      <ogc:Like/>
      <ogc:Between/>
    </ogc:Comparison_Operators>
  </ogc:Scalar_Capabilities>
</ogc:Filter_Capabilities>

</WFS_Capabilities>

Client Side¶

To be able to generate a Filter to a WFS server, a layer level metadata called wfs_filter has been added, which should contain the filter to be sent to the server. Following is an example of a valid WFS client layer with a filter:

LAYER
   NAME "cities"
  TYPE POINT
  STATUS ON
  CONNECTION "https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?"
  CONNECTIONTYPE WFS
  METADATA
    "wfs_typename" "cities"
    "wfs_version" "1.0.0"
    "wfs_connectiontimeout" "60"
    "wfs_maxfeatures" "100"
    "wfs_filter" "<PropertyIsGreaterThan><PropertyName>POPULATION</PropertyName>
                  <Literal>10000000</Literal></PropertyIsGreaterThan>"
  END
  PROJECTION
    "init=epsg:4326"
  END
  LABELITEM    'NAME'
  CLASS
    NAME       'World Cities'
    STYLE
      COLOR    255 128 128
      OUTLINECOLOR 128 0 0
      SYMBOL   'circle'
      SIZE     9
    END
    LABEL
      COLOR    0 0 0
      OUTLINECOLOR 255 255 255
      TYPE     TRUETYPE
      FONT     sans
      SIZE     7
      POSITION UC
      PARTIALS FALSE
    END
  END
END

Note:

The filter given as a value of the wfs_filter metadata should not contain <Filter> start and end tags.
The CONNECTION points to a valid WFS server supporting filters
The returned shapes will be drawn using the class defined in the layer.

Limitations ¶

A limited set of spatial operators are supported.

Tests ¶

Here are some test URLs for the different supported filters:

PropertyIsEqualTo

https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?&VERSION=1.0.0&SERVICE=WFS
  &REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=cities&Filter=<Filter>
  <PropertyIsEqualTo><PropertyName>NAME</PropertyName>
  <Literal>Halifax</Literal></PropertyIsEqualTo></Filter>

PropertyIsNotEqualTo

https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?&VERSION=1.0.0&SERVICE=WFS
  &REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=cities&Filter=<Filter>
  <PropertyIsNotEqualTo><PropertyName>NAME</PropertyName>
  <Literal>Halifax</Literal></PropertyIsNotEqualTo></Filter>

PropertyIsLessThan

https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?&VERSION=1.0.0&SERVICE=WFS
  &REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=cities&Filter=<Filter>
  <PropertyIsLessThan><PropertyName>POPULATION</PropertyName>
  <Literal>1000</Literal></PropertyIsLessThan></Filter>

PropertyIsGreaterThan

https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?&VERSION=1.0.0&SERVICE=WFS
  &REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=cities&Filter=<Filter>
  <PropertyIsGreaterThan><PropertyName>POPULATION</PropertyName>
  <Literal>10000000</Literal></PropertyIsGreaterThan></Filter>

PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo

https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?&VERSION=1.0.0&SERVICE=WFS
  &REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=cities&Filter=<Filter>
  <PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo><PropertyName>POPULATION</PropertyName>
  <Literal>499</Literal></PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo></Filter>

PropertyIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo

https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?&VERSION=1.0.0&SERVICE=WFS
  &REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=cities&Filter=<Filter>
  <PropertyIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo><PropertyName>POPULATION</PropertyName>
  <Literal>10194978</Literal></PropertyIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo></Filter>

PropertyIsBetween

https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?&VERSION=1.0.0&SERVICE=WFS
  &REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=cities&Filter=<Filter>
  <PropertyIsBetween><PropertyName>POPULATION</PropertyName>
  <LowerBoundary>10194978</LowerBoundary>
  <UpperBoundary>12116379</UpperBoundary></PropertyIsBetween></Filter>

PropertyIsLike

https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?&VERSION=1.0.0&SERVICE=WFS
  &REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=cities&Filter=<Filter>
  <PropertyIsLike wildcard='*' singleChar='.' escape='!'>
  <PropertyName>NAME</PropertyName><Literal>Syd*</Literal></PropertyIsLike>
  </Filter>

Logical operator OR

https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?&VERSION=1.0.0&SERVICE=WFS
  &REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=cities&Filter=<Filter>
  <OR><PropertyIsEqualTo><PropertyName>NAME</PropertyName>
  <Literal>Sydney</Literal></PropertyIsEqualTo><PropertyIsEqualTo>
  <PropertyName>NAME</PropertyName><Literal>Halifax</Literal>
  </PropertyIsEqualTo></OR></Filter>

Logical operator AND

https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?&VERSION=1.0.0&SERVICE=WFS
  &REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=cities&Filter=<Filter>
  <AND><PropertyIsLike wildcard='*' singleChar='.' escape='!'>
  <PropertyName>NAME</PropertyName><Literal>Syd*</Literal></PropertyIsLike>
  <PropertyIsEqualTo><PropertyName>POPULATION</PropertyName>
  <Literal>4250065</Literal></PropertyIsEqualTo></AND></Filter>

Logical operator NOT

https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?&VERSION=1.0.0&SERVICE=WFS
  &REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=cities&Filter=<Filter>
  <AND><NOT><PropertyIsEqualTo><PropertyName>POPULATION</PropertyName>
  <Literal>0</Literal></PropertyIsEqualTo></NOT><NOT><PropertyIsEqualTo>
  <PropertyName>POPULATION</PropertyName><Literal>12116379</Literal>
  </PropertyIsEqualTo></NOT></AND></Filter>

Spatial operator BBOX

https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?&VERSION=1.0.0&SERVICE=WFS
  &REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=cities&Filter=<Filter>
  <BBOX><PropertyName>Name>NAME</PropertyName><Box%20srsName='EPSG:3978'>
  <coordinates>135.2239,34.4879 135.8578,34.8471</coordinates></Box></BBOX>
  </Filter>

Spatial operator Dwithin

https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?&VERSION=1.0.0&SERVICE=WFS
  &REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=cities&Filter=<Filter>
  <DWithin><PropertyName>Geometry</PropertyName><gml:Point>
  <gml:coordinates>135.500000,34.666667</gml:coordinates>
  </gml:Point><Distance units='m'>10000</Distance></DWithin></Filter>

Spatial operator Intersects

https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wfs?&VERSION=1.0.0&SERVICE=WFS
  &REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=cities&Filter=<Filter>
  <Intersects><PropertyName>Geometry</PropertyName>
  <gml:Polygon><gml:outerBoundaryIs><gml:LinearRing>
  <gml:coordinates>135.5329,34.6624 135.4921,34.8153 135.3673,34.7815
  135.3800,34.6216 135.5361,34.6210 135.5329,34.6624</gml:coordinates>
  </gml:LinearRing></gml:outerBoundaryIs></gml:Polygon></Intersects></Filter>

The OGC conformance tests (https://cite.opengeospatial.org/teamengine/) have been run on the FE support. The following table and notes reflect the current status.

Table 2. WFS OGC test suite (over the HTTP Get and Post method)

Test #	Description	# of Tests	# of Failed Tests
1	Basic WFS tests over the HTTP Get and Post method	402	281
1.1	GetCapabilities	16	0
1.2	DescribeFeatureType	18	0
1.3	GetFeature	368	281
1.3.1	Basic WFS tests	20	1
1.3.2	Complex WFS tests	18	18
1.3.3	Arithmetic filter WFS tests	8	8
1.3.4	Comparison WFS tests	50	26
1.3.4.1	GetFeature PropertyIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo filter	2	0
1.3.4.2	GetFeature PropertyIsBetween filter	6	2
1.3.4.3	GetFeature PropertyIsEqualTo filter	4	0
1.3.4.4	GetFeature PropertyIsGreaterThan filter	4	2
1.3.4.5	GetFeature PropertyIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo filter	6	6
1.3.4.6	GetFeature PropertyIsLessThan filter	6	4
1.3.4.7	GetFeature PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo filter	6	4
1.3.4.8	GetFeature PropertyIsLike filter	2	0
1.3.4.9	GetFeature PropertyIsNotEqualTo filter	6	0
1.3.4.10	GetFeature PropertyIsNull filter	8	8
1.3.5	Logical WFS test	20	0
1.3.5.1	GetFeature AND PropertyIsEqualTo PropertyIsEqualTo filter	8	0
1.3.5.2	GetFeature OR PropertyIsEqualTo PropertyIsEqualTo filter	8	0
1.3.5.3	GetFeature NOT PropertyIsNotEqualTo filter	4	0
1.3.6	Spatial operator WFS test	252	228
1.3.6.1	GetFeature BBOX filter	36	12
1.3.6.2	GetFeature with other filter types	216	216
2	Transactional WFS test	69	69

The OGC Cite WFS test suite can be found on the OGC Cite portal.

Following are some MapServer specific notes on this test suite:

Test number 1.3.1:
- There is a contradiction between the wfs/1.0.0/basic/getfeature/post/3 assertion and the XPath expected value of the test. The assertion says: “Test that a GetFeature request with no output format defined returns a wfs:FeatureCollection with GML data.” and the expected XPath value for this request: “boolean(/ogc:ServiceExceptionReport)” is supposed to be true. So, the assertion means that when a WFS server receives a request which contains an undefined output format or no output format at all, the WFS server must return a WFS collection containing GML data. The XPath expected value means that when a WFS server receives a request with an undefined output format or no output format at all, the WFS server must return a service exception report.
Tests number 1.3.2 and 1.3.3:
- Not supported.
Tests number 1.3.4.2, 1.3.4.4 to 1.3.4.7:
- The string comparison is not supported using >, <, >=, <=.
- The date comparison is not supported.
Zie ook

bug 461
Test number 1.3.4.10:
- This property is not supported in MapServer.
Test number 1.3.6.1:
- The returned feature xml won’t validate because the validation is done against a specific xsd (geomatry.xsd).
- The data conversion on multipoints and multilayers are not supported within GDAL.
Zie ook

bug 461
Test number 2:
- The transaction requests are not supported.

WFS Filter Encoding ¶

Introduction ¶

Currently Supported Features ¶

Units of measure¶

Get and Post Requests ¶

Use of Filter Encoding in MapServer ¶

Server Side¶

Client Side¶

Limitations ¶

Tests ¶

Navigation

Current Table Of Contents

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WFS Filter Encoding¶

Introduction¶

Links to SLD-related Information¶

Currently Supported Features¶

Units of measure¶

Get and Post Requests¶

Use of Filter Encoding in MapServer¶

Server Side¶

Client Side¶

Limitations¶

Tests¶

WFS Filter Encoding ¶

Introduction ¶

Currently Supported Features ¶

Get and Post Requests ¶

Use of Filter Encoding in MapServer ¶

Limitations ¶

Tests ¶